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For decades, Ecuador was perceived as an exception in a region plagued by drug trafficking, armed violence, and criminal capture of the state. While neighboring countries faced open wars between cartels and state forces, Ecuador seemed to remain on the sidelines of these dynamics. That image began to slowly crack and finally collapsed in January 2024, when President Daniel Noboa declared an internal armed conflict and designated 22 criminal organizations as terrorist groups.
The measure exposed a reality that had been brewing for years, with a dramatic increase in homicides, armed gangs vying for territorial control, prisons turned into criminal syndicates’ operational hubs, and overwhelmed institutions. Ecuador was no longer a peripheral player in regional drug trafficking, but a strategic hub in transnational criminal networks.
Academia
Countering OBOR: Partners Gain Momentum with Strategic Response to China’s One Belt, One Road Scheme
This article was originally published on the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command’s Magazine Forum, on February 2, 2026. Beijing has denied since launching One Belt, One Road (OBOR) in 2013 that the infrastructure scheme is a tool for expanding geopolitical influence. Instead, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) claims that OBOR is a global development platform aimed at inclusive, multilateral cooperation and common development toward a shared future. Realistically, OBOR poses a multifaceted strategic threat to the United States and its allies and partners by expanding Beijing’s influence through infrastructure investments in over 150 countries. Moreover, the program threatens the sovereignty of scores [ … ]
This article was originally published on FORUM, the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command magazine, on March 12, 2026. The synthetic drug trade, spearheaded by fentanyl and methamphetamine, has metastasized from a criminal enterprise into a complex geopolitical phenomenon, demanding an expansive, multidimensional international response. This global crisis hinges on the ready supply of precursor chemicals — primarily from China — driving two distinct but connected epidemics across the Indo-Pacific. It is defined by trafficking, mislabeling, the use of front companies, and exploitation of legal ambiguities and variance between nations and fragile state institutions. Synthetic opioids, primarily fentanyl, account for tens of thousands [ … ]
This article was originally published on the U.S. Africa Command’s Magazine ADF, on November 6, 2025. Africa loses an estimated $11.2 billion in annual revenue to illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. The challenge is particularly acute in West Africa, which loses up to $9.4 billion to the scourge. Illegal fishing by foreign industrial and semi-industrial trawlers, particularly from China, has driven food insecurity and threatened the jobs of more than 10 million men and women who work in Africa’s artisanal fisheries. Security professionals recognize the threat. Col. Roland T. Bai Murphy, commander of the 23rd Infantry Brigade of the [ … ]
This article was originally published on U.S. Africa Command magazine ADF, on March 11, 2026. As foreign powers sign business deals and deepen diplomatic ties in Africa, one foreign player operates mostly behind the scenes: Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). “The IRGC, the regime’s military-intelligence empire, has spent 40 years constructing a shadow network across Africa, embedding itself in local conflicts, recruiting ideological loyalists, arming insurgent movements, and turning entire regions into extensions of Tehran’s strategic project,” according to a blog post by Iranian-born journalist Shabnam Assadollahi. The group’s many efforts include ideological indoctrination in northern Nigeria, arms [ … ]
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